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1/***************************************************************************
2* __________ __ ___.
3* Open \______ \ ____ ____ | | _\_ |__ _______ ___
4* Source | _// _ \_/ ___\| |/ /| __ \ / _ \ \/ /
5* Jukebox | | ( <_> ) \___| < | \_\ ( <_> > < <
6* Firmware |____|_ /\____/ \___ >__|_ \|___ /\____/__/\_ \
7* \/ \/ \/ \/ \/
8* $Id$
9*
10* This is a memory allocator designed to provide reasonable management of free
11* space and fast access to allocated data. More than one allocator can be used
12* at a time by initializing multiple contexts.
13*
14* Copyright (C) 2009 Andrew Mahone
15* Copyright (C) 2011 Thomas Martitz
16*
17* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
18* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
19* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
20* of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
21*
22* This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
23* KIND, either express or implied.
24*
25****************************************************************************/
26#ifndef _BUFLIB_MEMPOOL_H_
27#define _BUFLIB_MEMPOOL_H_
28
29#include <stdint.h>
30#include <stdbool.h>
31#include <string.h>
32
33/* add extra checks to buflib_get_data to catch bad handles */
34//#define BUFLIB_DEBUG_GET_DATA
35
36/* support integrity check */
37//#define BUFLIB_DEBUG_CHECK_VALID
38
39/* support debug printing of memory blocks */
40//#define BUFLIB_DEBUG_PRINT
41
42union buflib_data
43{
44 intptr_t val; /* length of the block in n*sizeof(union buflib_data).
45 Includes buflib metadata overhead. A negative value
46 indicates block is unallocated */
47 volatile unsigned pincount; /* number of pins */
48 struct buflib_callbacks* ops; /* callback functions for move and shrink. Can be NULL */
49 char* alloc; /* start of allocated memory area */
50 union buflib_data *handle; /* pointer to entry in the handle table.
51 Used during compaction for fast lookup */
52};
53
54struct buflib_context
55{
56 union buflib_data *handle_table;
57 union buflib_data *first_free_handle;
58 union buflib_data *last_handle;
59 union buflib_data *buf_start;
60 union buflib_data *alloc_end;
61 bool compact;
62};
63
64/**
65 * This declares the minimal overhead that is required per alloc. These
66 * are bytes that are allocated from the context's pool in addition
67 * to the actually requested number of bytes.
68 *
69 * The total number of bytes consumed by an allocation is
70 * BUFLIB_ALLOC_OVERHEAD + requested bytes + pad to pointer size
71 */
72#define BUFLIB_ALLOC_OVERHEAD (4*sizeof(union buflib_data))
73
74/**
75 * Callbacks used by the buflib to inform allocation that compaction
76 * is happening (before data is moved)
77 *
78 * Note that buflib tries to move to satisfy new allocations before shrinking.
79 * So if you have something to resize try to do it outside of the callback.
80 *
81 * Regardless of the above, if the allocation is SHRINKABLE, but not
82 * MUST_NOT_MOVE buflib will move the allocation before even attempting to
83 * shrink.
84 */
85struct buflib_callbacks {
86 /**
87 * This is called before data is moved. Use this to fix up any cached
88 * pointers pointing to inside the allocation. The size is unchanged.
89 *
90 * This is not needed if you don't cache the data pointer (but always
91 * call buflib_get_data()) and don't pass pointer to the data to yielding
92 * functions.
93 *
94 * handle: The corresponding handle
95 * current: The current start of the allocation
96 * new: The new start of the allocation, after data movement
97 *
98 * Return: Return BUFLIB_CB_OK, or BUFLIB_CB_CANNOT_MOVE if movement
99 * is impossible at this moment.
100 *
101 * If NULL: this allocation must not be moved around
102 * by the buflib when compaction occurs. Attention: Don't confuse
103 * that with passing NULL for the whole callback structure
104 * to buflib_alloc_ex(). This would enable moving buffers by default.
105 * You have to pass NULL inside the "struct buflib_callbacks" structure.
106 */
107 int (*move_callback)(int handle, void* current, void* new);
108 /**
109 * This is called when the buflib desires to shrink a buffer
110 * in order to satisfy new allocation. This happens when buflib runs
111 * out of memory, e.g. because buflib_alloc_maximum() was called.
112 * Move data around as you need to make space and call core_shrink() as
113 * appropriate from within the callback to complete the shrink operation.
114 * buflib will not move data as part of shrinking.
115 *
116 * hint: bit mask containing hints on how shrinking is desired (see below)
117 * handle: The corresponding handle
118 * start: The old start of the allocation
119 *
120 * Return: Return BUFLIB_CB_OK, or BUFLIB_CB_CANNOT_SHRINK if shirinking
121 * is impossible at this moment.
122 *
123 * if NULL: this allocation cannot be resized.
124 * It is recommended that allocation that must not move are
125 * at least shrinkable
126 */
127 int (*shrink_callback)(int handle, unsigned hints, void* start, size_t old_size);
128 /**
129 * This is called when special steps must be taken for synchronization
130 * both before the move_callback is called and after the data has been
131 * moved.
132 */
133 void (*sync_callback)(int handle, bool sync_on);
134};
135
136/** A set of all NULL callbacks for use with allocations that need to stay
137 * locked in RAM and not moved or shrunk. These type of allocations should
138 * be avoided as much as possible to avoid memory fragmentation but it can
139 * suitable for short-lived allocations. */
140extern struct buflib_callbacks buflib_ops_locked;
141
142#define BUFLIB_SHRINK_SIZE_MASK (~BUFLIB_SHRINK_POS_MASK)
143#define BUFLIB_SHRINK_POS_FRONT (1u<<31)
144#define BUFLIB_SHRINK_POS_BACK (1u<<30)
145#define BUFLIB_SHRINK_POS_MASK (BUFLIB_SHRINK_POS_FRONT|BUFLIB_SHRINK_POS_BACK)
146
147/**
148 * Possible return values for the callbacks, some of them can cause
149 * compaction to fail and therefore new allocations to fail
150 */
151/* Everything alright */
152#define BUFLIB_CB_OK 0
153/* Tell buflib that moving failed. Buflib may retry to move at any point */
154#define BUFLIB_CB_CANNOT_MOVE 1
155/* Tell buflib that resizing failed, possibly future making allocations fail */
156#define BUFLIB_CB_CANNOT_SHRINK 1
157
158/**
159 * Initializes buflib with a caller allocated context instance and memory pool.
160 *
161 * The buflib_context instance needs to be passed to every other buflib
162 * function. It's should be considered opaque, even though it is not yet
163 * (that's to make inlining core_get_data() possible). The documentation
164 * of the other functions will not describe the context
165 * instance parameter further as it's obligatory.
166 *
167 * context: The new buflib instance to be initialized, allocated by the caller
168 * size: The size of the memory pool
169 */
170void buflib_init(struct buflib_context *context, void *buf, size_t size);
171
172
173/**
174 * Returns the amount of unallocated bytes. It does not mean this amount
175 * can be actually allocated because they might not be contiguous.
176 *
177 * Returns: The number of unallocated bytes in the memory pool.
178 */
179size_t buflib_available(struct buflib_context *ctx);
180
181/**
182 * Returns the biggest possible allocation that can be determined to succeed.
183 *
184 * Returns: The amount of bytes of the biggest unallocated, contiguous region.
185 */
186size_t buflib_allocatable(struct buflib_context *ctx);
187
188/**
189 * Relocates the fields in *ctx to the new buffer position pointed to by buf.
190 * This does _not_ move any data but updates the pointers. The data has
191 * to be moved afterwards manually and only if this function returned true.
192 *
193 * This is intended to be called from within a move_callback(), for
194 * buflib-on-buflib scenarios (i.e. a new buflib instance backed by a buffer
195 * that was allocated by another buflib instance). Be aware that if the parent
196 * move_callback() moves the underlying buffer _no_ move_callback() of the
197 * underlying buffer are called.
198 *
199 * Returns true of the relocation was successful. If it returns false no
200 * change to *ctx was made.
201 */
202bool buflib_context_relocate(struct buflib_context *ctx, void *buf);
203
204/**
205 * Allocates memory from buflib's memory pool
206 *
207 * size: How many bytes to allocate
208 *
209 * This function passes NULL for the callback structure "ops", so buffers
210 * are movable. Don't pass them to functions that yield().
211 *
212 * Returns: A positive integer handle identifying this allocation, or
213 * a negative value on error (0 is also not a valid handle)
214 */
215int buflib_alloc(struct buflib_context *context, size_t size);
216
217
218/**
219 * Allocates memory from the buflib's memory pool with additional callbacks
220 * and flags
221 *
222 * size: How many bytes to allocate
223 * ops: a struct with pointers to callback functions (see above).
224 * if "ops" is NULL: Buffer is movable.
225 *
226 * Returns: A positive integer handle identifying this allocation, or
227 * a negative value on error (0 is also not a valid handle)
228 */
229int buflib_alloc_ex(struct buflib_context *ctx, size_t size,
230 struct buflib_callbacks *ops);
231
232
233/**
234 * Gets all available memory from buflib, for temporary use.
235 *
236 * Since this effectively makes all future allocations fail (unless
237 * another allocation is freed in the meantime), you should definitely provide
238 * a shrink callback if you plan to hold the buffer for a longer period. This
239 * will allow buflib to permit allocations by shrinking the buffer returned by
240 * this function.
241 *
242 * Note that this might return many more bytes than buflib_available() or
243 * buflib_allocatable() return, because it aggressively compacts the pool
244 * and even shrinks other allocations. However, do not depend on this behavior,
245 * it may change.
246 *
247 * size: The actual size will be returned into size
248 * ops: a struct with pointers to callback functions
249 *
250 * Returns: A positive integer handle identifying this allocation, or
251 * a negative value on error (0 is also not a valid handle)
252 */
253int buflib_alloc_maximum(struct buflib_context* ctx,
254 size_t *size, struct buflib_callbacks *ops);
255
256/**
257 * Queries the data pointer for the given handle. It's actually a cheap
258 * operation, don't hesitate using it extensively.
259 *
260 * Notice that you need to re-query after every direct or indirect yield(),
261 * because compaction can happen by other threads which may get your data
262 * moved around (or you can get notified about changes by callbacks,
263 * see further above).
264 *
265 * handle: The handle corresponding to the allocation
266 *
267 * Returns: The start pointer of the allocation
268 */
269#ifdef BUFLIB_DEBUG_GET_DATA
270void *buflib_get_data(struct buflib_context *ctx, int handle);
271#else
272static inline void *buflib_get_data(struct buflib_context *ctx, int handle)
273{
274 return (void *)ctx->handle_table[-handle].alloc;
275}
276#endif
277
278/**
279 * Shrink the memory allocation associated with the given handle
280 * Mainly intended to be used with the shrink callback, but it can also
281 * be called outside as well, e.g. to give back buffer space allocated
282 * with buflib_alloc_maximum().
283 *
284 * Note that you must move/copy data around yourself before calling this,
285 * buflib will not do this as part of shrinking.
286 *
287 * handle: The handle identifying this allocation
288 * new_start: the new start of the allocation
289 * new_size: the new size of the allocation
290 *
291 * Returns: true if shrinking was successful. Otherwise it returns false,
292 * without having modified memory.
293 *
294 */
295bool buflib_shrink(struct buflib_context *ctx, int handle, void* newstart, size_t new_size);
296
297/**
298 * Increment the pin count for a handle. When pinned the handle will not
299 * be moved and move callbacks will not be triggered, allowing a pointer
300 * to the buffer to be kept across yields or used for I/O.
301 *
302 * Note that shrink callbacks can still be invoked for pinned handles.
303 */
304void buflib_pin(struct buflib_context *ctx, int handle);
305
306/**
307 * Decrement the pin count for a handle.
308 */
309void buflib_unpin(struct buflib_context *ctx, int handle);
310
311/**
312 * Get the current pin count of a handle. Zero means the handle is not pinned.
313 */
314unsigned buflib_pin_count(struct buflib_context *ctx, int handle);
315
316/**
317 * Frees memory associated with the given handle
318 *
319 * Returns: 0 (to invalidate handles in one line, 0 is not a valid handle)
320 */
321int buflib_free(struct buflib_context *context, int handle);
322
323/**
324 * Moves the underlying buflib buffer up by size bytes (as much as
325 * possible for size == 0) without moving the end. This effectively
326 * reduces the available space by taking away manageable space from the
327 * front. This space is not available for new allocations anymore.
328 *
329 * To make space available in the front, everything is moved up.
330 * It does _NOT_ call the move callbacks
331 *
332 *
333 * size: size in bytes to move the buffer up (take away). The actual
334 * bytes moved is returned in this
335 * Returns: The new start of the underlying buflib buffer
336 */
337void* buflib_buffer_out(struct buflib_context *ctx, size_t *size);
338
339/**
340 * Moves the underlying buflib buffer down by size bytes without
341 * moving the end. This grows the buflib buffer by adding space to the front.
342 * The new bytes are available for new allocations.
343 *
344 * Everything is moved down, and the new free space will be in the middle.
345 * It does _NOT_ call the move callbacks.
346 *
347 * size: size in bytes to move the buffer down (new free space)
348 */
349void buflib_buffer_in(struct buflib_context *ctx, int size);
350
351#ifdef BUFLIB_DEBUG_PRINT
352/**
353 * Return the number of blocks in the buffer, allocated or unallocated.
354 *
355 * Only available if BUFLIB_DEBUG_PRINT is defined.
356 */
357int buflib_get_num_blocks(struct buflib_context *ctx);
358
359/**
360 * Write a string describing the block at index block_num to the
361 * provided buffer. The buffer will always be null terminated and
362 * there is no provision to detect truncation. (A 40-byte buffer
363 * is enough to contain any returned string.)
364 *
365 * Returns false if the block index is out of bounds, and writes
366 * an empty string.
367 *
368 * Only available if BUFLIB_DEBUG_PRINT is defined.
369 */
370bool buflib_print_block_at(struct buflib_context *ctx, int block_num,
371 char *buf, size_t bufsize);
372#endif
373
374#ifdef BUFLIB_DEBUG_CHECK_VALID
375/**
376 * Check integrity of given buflib context
377 */
378void buflib_check_valid(struct buflib_context *ctx);
379#endif
380
381#endif /* _BUFLIB_MEMPOOL_H_ */