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1MALLOC(3V) C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS MALLOC(3V)
2
3
4NAME
5 malloc, free, realloc, calloc
6
7SYNOPSIS
8 #include <malloc.h>
9
10 void *malloc(size)
11 size_t size;
12
13 void free(ptr)
14 void *ptr;
15
16 void *realloc(ptr, size)
17 void *ptr;
18 size_t size;
19
20 void *calloc(nelem, elsize)
21 size_t nelem;
22 size_t elsize;
23
24DESCRIPTION
25 These routines provide a general-purpose memory allocation
26 package. They maintain a table of free blocks for efficient
27 allocation and coalescing of free storage. When there is no
28 suitable space already free, the allocation routines call
29 rn_getseg() to get more memory from the system.
30
31 Each of the allocation routines returns a pointer to space
32 suitably aligned for storage of any type of object. Each
33 returns a NULL pointer if the request cannot be completed
34 (see DIAGNOSTICS).
35
36 malloc() returns a pointer to a block of at least size
37 bytes, which is appropriately aligned.
38
39 free() releases a previously allocated block. Its argument
40 is a pointer to a block previously allocated by malloc(),
41 calloc() or realloc().
42
43 realloc() changes the size of the block referenced by ptr to
44 size bytes and returns a pointer to the (possibly moved)
45 block. The contents will be unchanged up to the lesser of
46 the new and old sizes. If unable to honor a reallocation
47 request, realloc() leaves its first argument unaltered.
48
49 **** DMALLOC DOES NOT COMPLY WITH THE PARAGRAPH BELOW ****
50
51 For backwards compatibility, realloc() accepts a pointer to a
52 block freed since the most recent call to malloc(), cal-
53 loc() or realloc().
54
55 Note: using realloc() with a block freed before the most recent
56 call to malloc(), calloc() or realloc() is an error.
57
58 calloc() uses malloc() to allocate space for an array of
59 nelem elements of size elsize, initializes the space to
60 zeros, and returns a pointer to the initialized block. The
61 block should be freed with free().
62
63
64 malloc() and realloc() return a non- NULL pointer if size is 0,
65 and calloc() returns a non-NULL pointer if nelem or elsize is 0,
66 but these pointers should not be dereferenced.
67
68 Note: Always cast the value returned by malloc(), realloc() or
69 calloc().
70
71
72RETURN VALUES On success, malloc(), calloc() and realloc() return a
73 pointer to space suitably aligned for storage of any type of
74 object. On failure, they return NULL.
75
76 free() does not return a value.
77
78
79NOTES
80 Because malloc() and realloc() return a non-NULL pointer if size
81 is 0, and calloc() returns a non-NULL pointer if nelem or elsize
82 is 0, a zero size need not be treated as a special case if it
83 should be passed to these functions unpredictably. Also, the
84 pointer returned by these functions may be passed to subsequent
85 invocations of realloc().
86
87
88BUGS
89
90 **** DMALLOC DOES NOT COMPLY WITH THE PARAGRAPH BELOW ****
91
92 Since realloc() accepts a pointer to a block freed since the last
93 call to malloc(), calloc() or realloc(), a degradation of
94 performance results. The semantics of free() should be changed
95 so that the contents of a previously freed block are undefined.